GOOG

What it measures Productivity of the asset base. Combined with net margin, this is the DuPont decomposition of ROA: ROA = net_margin * asset_turnover.

Formula Asset Turnover = revenue_ttm / average_total_assets

For GOOG Revenue compounds quickly off the asset base - retail and asset-light services run high here.

What it measures Operating margin minus interest, tax, and below-the-line items. Useful but noisy because tax rate and debt service distort year-to-year comparability.

Formula Net Margin = (net_income_ttm / revenue_ttm) * 100

For GOOG Strong all-in profitability after every expense category.

What it measures Pre-capex version of cash conversion. Numbers persistently below 1 suggest accruals are doing the work; numbers persistently above 1 are a (mild) positive sign.

Formula OCF/NI = operating_cash_flow_ttm / net_income_ttm

For GOOG Operating cash flow validates net income.

What it measures Captures the leverage between revenue and operating profit. Core test of whether a business converts sales into income at the operating level.

Formula Operating Margin = (operating_income_ttm / revenue_ttm) * 100

For GOOG Pricing power and operating leverage - software and platform models commonly run above 30%.

What it measures Capital-efficiency measure that ignores how the assets are financed. Useful for comparing within a sector but biased low for asset-heavy businesses (banks, utilities) and high for asset-light ones.

Formula ROA = (net_income_ttm / average_total_assets) * 100

For GOOG Assets are working hard - typical of asset-light, high-margin businesses.

What it measures Whether the company can cover near-term obligations from near-term assets. Below 1.0 doesn't mean insolvent (cash flow can cover the gap) but is worth a closer look.

Formula Current Ratio = current_assets / current_liabilities

For GOOG Comfortable liquidity buffer - large working-capital cushion.

What it measures How much the company funds itself with debt vs. equity. Higher leverage amplifies both returns and risks; the appropriate level varies wildly by industry.

Formula Debt-to-Equity = total_debt / common_equity

For GOOG Capital structure is debt-heavy - amplifies equity returns but also stress in downturns.

What it measures Strips out short-term operating debt and revolver use to focus on permanent capital structure. Useful when comparing companies that fund working capital differently.

Formula LT D/E = long_term_debt / common_equity

For GOOG Permanent leverage is high - watch coverage ratios and refinancing windows.

What it measures Joseph Piotroski's score for distinguishing winners from losers among low-P/B stocks. Each of 9 questions answers 0 or 1; the more 'yes' answers, the higher quality the recent year-over-year improvements.

Formula Sum of 9 binary indicators across profitability (ROA>0, CFO>0, ROA improving, CFO>NI), leverage (LT debt/assets falling, current ratio rising, no share issuance), and operating efficiency (gross margin rising, asset turnover rising)

For GOOG Clean fundamentals scorecard - profitability, leverage, and efficiency all moving the right way.

What it measures Richard Sloan's accruals-quality measure. Persistent positive accruals (NI exceeds OCF) tend to mean-revert, often via earnings disappointments. Magnitude over ~10% in either direction warrants closer accounting review.

Formula Sloan = (net_income_ttm - operating_cash_flow_ttm) / average_total_assets

For GOOG Net income outpacing cash by an unusual amount - earnings quality may be deteriorating.

What it detects Turtle-style breakout signal: enters long on a close above the highest high of the lookback window, short on a close below the lowest low. Holds the position for a fixed number of bars.

Trigger rule +1 on long entry, held for hold_bars; -1 on short entry, held for hold_bars.

Parameters period=20, hold_bars=20

For GOOG Active long breakout state — close above the N-day highest high.

What it detects Simplest possible regime filter: long-only when price is above its long-term MA, flat or short-only when below. Often used to gate other signals.

Trigger rule +1 while close > MA, -1 while close < MA.

Parameters ma_period=200

For GOOG Price above the long-term MA — bullish regime, gate longs on.

What it detects Bullish engulfing: down candle followed by an up candle whose body fully covers the prior body. Bearish engulfing: up candle followed by a larger down candle covering the prior body. Strongest after a trend.

Trigger rule +1 on bullish engulfing after a downtrend; -1 on bearish engulfing after an uptrend.

Parameters prior_trend_window=5

For GOOG Up candle fully engulfed the prior down body after a downtrend — reversal-up tell.

What it detects Identifies the most recent significant swing high and low, projects standard Fibonacci levels (23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8%, 78.6%), and tags bars where price interacts with one of those levels.

Trigger rule Reports the level price is closest to, in price units, when price is within the proximity band.

Parameters swing_lookback=60, levels=[0.236,0.382,0.5,0.618,0.786]

For GOOG Price interacted with a key Fibonacci level on its way up — likely springboard or resistance to clear.

What it detects Two consecutive non-overlapping windows where the second window's high is above the first's high AND the second's low is below the first's low (an outside range). Reads as a reversal signal off the prior trend.

Trigger rule +1 if prior trend was down and current outside-range closes higher than it opens; -1 in the symmetric down-reversal case.

Parameters window=10

For GOOG Outside-range bar after a downtrend closed up — reversal-up reversal pattern.

What it detects Trends backed by declining volume tend to lose conviction. The signal compares the slope of price against the slope of volume over a rolling window.

Trigger rule +1 when price is rising but volume slope is negative (weak rally); -1 when price is falling but volume slope is negative (weak decline / potential reversal).

Parameters trend_window=20

For GOOG Decline running on falling volume — sellers losing conviction, reversal candidate.